Optimizing caching involves:

• Configuring cache sizes based on your server’s available memory.
• Monitoring cache hit rates and adjusting settings accordingly.
• Utilizing external caching solutions like Memcached or Redis for even better performance.

4. Connection Pooling

MySQL connections can be resource-intensive to establish and maintain. Connection pooling can help mitigate this issue by reusing existing connections, reducing overhead, and improving fetch time.